Transplantation dramatically improves survival of patients with established organ failure. However, as a direct consequence of immunosuppressive drugs, recipients have a significantly increased risk of both infections and malignancies. Recent scientific advances indicate that the induction of tolerance, defined as permanent acceptance of transplant in absence of continuous immunosuppression, is an achievable goal. RISET is a multinational European project financed by the European Commission within the Sixth Framework Programme, that will focus on the translation of these advances in research into clinical practice and industrial development.